Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of land surface temperature (LST) and its drivers is essential for mitigating urban heat and guiding climate-responsive planning. In this study, we integ ... Read More

In this study, the possibility of utilizing waste glass sand (GS) as a sustainable alternative to natural sand (NS) for the production of low-carbon permeable boundary blocks (PBs) was investigat ... Read More

In this study, we investigated the variation in vegetation index in Hwado, South Korea, from 2022 to 2025. The analysis utilized time-series data collected from multiple sensors mounted on drones ... Read More

In this study, we propose a methodology for the automatic generation of building models from level of detail (LOD) 0 to LOD 3 that comply with KS X 6808-1, the national digital twin (NDT) buildin ... Read More

Coastal erosion vulnerability assessments are critical for planning effective coastal defense; however, previous methods that rely on low-resolution data often lack the analytical precision requi ... Read More

In this study, commercial (GAMMA) and free [Stanford method for persistent scatterers (StaMPS)] analysis tools, along with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data of different resolutions, were compa ... Read More

Drowning incidents in swimming pools remain a critical public health issue globally, where rapid detection and response significantly impact survival rates. Traditional human-based surveillance a ... Read More

Passenger terminals are evolving into complex nodes where land and sea transport intersect. However, the safety and convenience of pedestrian environments in access roads are often compromised ow ... Read More