In this study, an electrospinning solution was first varied, then the ratio of different solvents was varied. The effects of the viscosity and conductivity of the electrospinning solution on the fiber were further investigated to find optimal parameters. It was found that a high viscosity not only increased the fiber diameter, but also sometimes caused agglomeration. A material tester was used to evaluate the mechanical strength of the fiber membrane for different solvent ratios. The optimal solvent ratio was obtained by comparing the effects of different weight ratios of graphene oxide (GO) on the fiber membrane. GO increased the conductivity, and fine fibers were obtained when 0.8 wt% GO was added. After adjusting the main parameters of electrospinning, the best fiber film was prepared. By adding a suitable amount of GO, the mechanical strength and thermal cracking properties of the fiber membrane were improved, and the filtration rate of PM2.5 was as high as 98%.