When optimizing the performance of a high-speed centrifugal compressor, the mechanical properties of the blade material must be suitable for the sensor mounted on the compressor. We designed a new blade with a leading edge having a multistep concave–convex profile, inspired by research on bionics and BladeGen software (an interactive turbomachinery design tool). We compared its performance with that of an original blade having a straight-line leading edge. For the new blade, TurboGrid refinement technology is used to ensure the meshing of the profile’s structure. Computation results show that the deformation displacement of the new blade is reduced by 4.26% and that it has better mechanical properties. Moreover, the static pressure ratio and the total pressure ratio of the new wheel are both higher than those of the original wheel over a wide range of mass flow rates. The efficiency of the new wheel decreases slightly by about 1% at an intermediate mass flow rate, but the total-total efficiency and total-static efficiency of the new wheel are increased by 0.35% and 6.36% at a high mass flow rate of 0.1781 kg/s and by 0.02% and 0.84% at a low mass flow rate of 0.0832 kg/s, respectively. Thus, the new blade design improves the mechanical properties of the blade, and the smaller stress is beneficial for compressor performance optimization during the sensing process.