Under the excitation of hydraulic oil, fluid–structure coupling affects a hydraulic hose. We analyzed the vibration characteristics and optimized the parameters of the vibration of a hydraulic hose. SolidWorks was used to model a three-layer steel wire wound around a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hose. A two-way fluid–structure coupling model was built to analyze the influence of different parameters on the displacement by vibration and the fluid vibration speed. A three-factor and three-level Taguchi experiment with displacement was carried out to verify the influence of the parameters. In the analysis of the response surface, fitting regression was conducted using the Box–Behnken method to analyze the vibration displacement. The optimal predicted parameters were a winding angle of 53.8384°, a wall thickness of 7.31313 mm, and a bending radius of 164.343 mm. The error between the predicted and simulated values was ±3.5% for the optimized parameters and the displacement was reduced by 47% for the optimal parameters. The optimal parameters can be used as reference values to improve the working life of vibrating hydraulic hoses in future studies on the vibration characteristics of hydraulic hose systems.