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Vol. 34, No. 8(3), S&M3042

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Vol. 32, No. 8(2), S&M2292

Print: ISSN 0914-4935
Online: ISSN 2435-0869
Sensors and Materials
is an international peer-reviewed open access journal to provide a forum for researchers working in multidisciplinary fields of sensing technology.
Sensors and Materials
is covered by Science Citation Index Expanded (Clarivate Analytics), Scopus (Elsevier), and other databases.

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Sensors and Materials, Volume 36, Number 6(2) (2024)
Copyright(C) MYU K.K.
pp. 2249-2263
S&M3666 Research Paper of Special Issue
https://doi.org/10.18494/SAM4719
Published: June 18, 2024

Phygital Design of an Innovative and Portable Autosampler Using Shape Memory Alloy-based Mini-actuator for River Quality Assessment [PDF]

Ashish Shukla, Robert Ross, and Bishakh Bhattacharya

(Received October 20, 2023; Accepted May 29, 2024)

Keywords: intelligent system design, smart material, shape memory alloy, phygital design

The evaluation of river water quality is of paramount importance in the maintenance of the well-being and durability of our water reservoirs. Real-time sensors can be used to analyze river water properties, but being able to automatically extract water from a natural setting for controlled laboratory analysis can expand research opportunities in quality assurance and test types. In this paper, we outline the conceptual design of a portable submersible autosampler. Quality function deployment prioritizes customer needs by utilizing both physical and digital (phygital) means, including interviews conducted both physically and virtually, and transforming them into precise design attributes represented in digits within a house of quality. The proposed device incorporates a nickel and titanium (NITINOL)-based shape memory alloy (SMA) spring architecture to draw water samples from rivers effectively via an active syringe. SMA-based actuation is proposed as a disruptive technology owing to its benefits, such as its lightweight, high energy density, and corrosion resistance. The autosampler can collect up to 10 samples at user-controlled intervals. Open-source Arduino hardware and software are incorporated with the actuator, allowing customization for deployment needs. In this autosampler, water samples are collected in a syringe, and the volume of water is determined by the SMA spring’s actuation time.

Corresponding author: Ashish Shukla, Robert Ross, and Bishakh Bhattacharya


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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Cite this article
Ashish Shukla, Robert Ross, and Bishakh Bhattacharya, Phygital Design of an Innovative and Portable Autosampler Using Shape Memory Alloy-based Mini-actuator for River Quality Assessment, Sens. Mater., Vol. 36, No. 6, 2024, p. 2249-2263.



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