In this study, we aimed to develop an evaluation index system for assessing the high-quality development of discipline construction in China’s tertiary public hospitals, referring to a literature review and empirical analysis of IoT-collected data. Through a combination of literature review and empirical analysis, we examined both domestic and international research studies on discipline construction evaluation and established a solid theoretical foundation and practical context for the study. By applying the analytic hierarchy process alongside the literature review, we created a comprehensive evaluation index system encompassing multiple dimensions. In this study, we elaborated on the construction of judgment matrices and methods for calculating the weights of various indicators at different levels, offering quantitative tools for scientific evaluation. For the empirical analysis, a large public hospital in China was chosen as a case study to analyze its discipline construction progress over the past five years. Specific criteria for evaluating high-quality discipline construction were developed. By comparing the discipline construction scores of 2018 and 2023, we revealed trends in discipline development, conducted in-depth analyses of key indicators, identified existing issues, and proposed recommendations for improvement.