In response to the emerging demands of smart city and digital city construction, a pressing research frontier and practical necessity is determining how a new basic surveying and mapping technology can better enhance the service functions of geospatial data in smart city development. The “One Map” approach for smart cities serves as a unified spatiotemporal reference framework for the entire city, acting as the digital spatial carrier and common infrastructure for smart cities. In this paper, we review the relationship between the spatiotemporal data framework of smart cities and the new basic surveying and mapping technology, as well as the requirements that the “One Map” approach imposes on such technology. Using Beijing’s pilot project as a case study, we introduce the key technologies derived from the new basic surveying and mapping technology to create the “One Map” for smart cities, aiming to provide replicable and scalable experiences for the construction of a national new basic surveying and mapping system and the data frameworks of smart cities.