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Vol. 34, No. 8(3), S&M3042

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Vol. 32, No. 8(2), S&M2292

Print: ISSN 0914-4935
Online: ISSN 2435-0869
Sensors and Materials
is an international peer-reviewed open access journal to provide a forum for researchers working in multidisciplinary fields of sensing technology.
Sensors and Materials
is covered by Science Citation Index Expanded (Clarivate Analytics), Scopus (Elsevier), and other databases.

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Sensors and Materials, Volume 37, Number 1(1) (2025)
Copyright(C) MYU K.K.
pp. 23-40
S&M3889 Research Paper
https://doi.org/10.18494/SAM5375
Published: January 16, 2025

AI-driven Sensor Array Electronic Nose System for Authenticating and Recognizing Aromas in Spirit Samples [PDF]

Jun-Teng Sun and Chung-Hong Lee

(Received September 24, 2024; Accepted November 21, 2024)

Keywords: electronic nose, machine learning, volatile organic compounds, spirits authentication

The safety of food and beverages has emerged as an urgent concern, as adulterated food and drink can seriously affect human health when consumed. Within this context, the spirits industry stands out as a sector that requires particular attention, as spirits such as whisky, gin, and vodka possess distinct flavor and aroma profiles intrinsically linked to their alcohol composition. To prevent adulteration and ensure the authenticity of spirits, it is essential to identify the purity of specific aroma compounds. In this work, we employed an electronic nose system with an AI algorithm to extract the scent profiles of various whisky spirits, generating their unique aromatic signatures.The AI algorithm demonstrated exceptional performance in classifying different whisky types, achieving an accuracy of 93% to 94%, depending on the type of whisky. Among the models tested, the convolutional neural network-long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) model consistently outperformed other architectures, including traditional recurrent neural network (RNN), CNN, and LSTM models. The CNN-LSTM model exhibited the highest accuracy and lowest loss, highlighting its superior capability in capturing the complex aroma patterns of whisky spirits. This study represents a significant step forward in ensuring the integrity of spirits; a method for the rapid identification of spirits purity is also provided.

Corresponding author: Chung-Hong Lee


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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Cite this article
Jun-Teng Sun and Chung-Hong Lee, AI-driven Sensor Array Electronic Nose System for Authenticating and Recognizing Aromas in Spirit Samples , Sens. Mater., Vol. 37, No. 1, 2025, p. 23-40.



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