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Sensors and Materials, Volume 38, Number 9(1) (2026)
Copyright(C) MYU K.K.
pp. 5051-5070
S&M4610 Research
https://doi.org/10.18494/SAM6137
Published: September 9, 2026

Context-aware Adaptive Blink Monitoring and Feedback for Supporting Healthy Blinking during Screen Use [PDF]

Muhammad Furqan Rasyid, Tomokazu Matsui, Yuki Matsuda, Hirohiko Suwa, and Keiichi Yasumoto

(Received December 20, 2025; Accepted April 8, 2026)

Keywords: digital eye strain, blink monitoring, adaptive feedback, webcam-based sensing, just-in-time interventions, human–computer interaction

Reduced spontaneous blinking during screen use contributes to eye discomfort and symptoms associated with digital eye strain. Although reminder-based applications attempt to address this behavior, most rely on fixed reminders that do not adapt to changes in blink patterns over time. This lack of personalization can lead to user fatigue, poor compliance, and excessive blinking. In this paper, we present EyeWise 1.1, a lightweight, real-time feedback system that uses webcam-based eye aspect ratio (EAR) detection, a 60 s sliding window to estimate blink rate, and an adaptive reminder engine that delivers cues only when blinking falls outside the target range of 15–30 blinks per minute (BPM). To reduce repeated interruptions during stable periods, the reminder engine incorporates randomized exponential backoff. The system further includes a configurable, nudge-based interface designed to remain understandable briefly while minimizing distraction during ongoing work. We evaluated EyeWise 1.1 in a controlled laboratory study with 15 participants across three conditions: baseline (no feedback), fixed reminders, and adaptive reminders (EyeWise 1.1). Blink activity was segmented into 105 fixed windows (seven per participant) to examine within-session blink-rate distributions; participant-level summaries were then used for statistical testing to account for within-participant dependence. Results indicated that the adaptive condition improved blink behavior relative to baseline by reducing time spent in low-blink-rate periods and maintaining blink rates within the predefined range. Compared with fixed reminders, the adaptive condition showed comparable blink-rate outcomes while appearing less likely to push blink rates above the upper threshold. In post-study questionnaires administered to the adaptive condition, participants reported high satisfaction (M = 4.4), ease of use (M = 4.0), and perceived effectiveness (M = 4.6). Overall, these findings suggest that blink-sensitive adaptive feedback is a promising approach for supporting healthier blinking during routine screen use and can provide a positive user experience.

Corresponding author: Muhammad Furqan Rasyid


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Cite this article
Muhammad Furqan Rasyid, Tomokazu Matsui, Yuki Matsuda, Hirohiko Suwa, and Keiichi Yasumoto, Context-aware Adaptive Blink Monitoring and Feedback for Supporting Healthy Blinking during Screen Use, Sens. Mater., Vol. 38, No. 9, 2026, p. 5051-5070.



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