Young Researcher Paper Award 2025
🥇Winners

Notice of retraction
Vol. 32, No. 8(2), S&M2292

Print: ISSN 0914-4935
Online: ISSN 2435-0869
Sensors and Materials
is an international peer-reviewed open access journal to provide a forum for researchers working in multidisciplinary fields of sensing technology.
Sensors and Materials
is covered by Science Citation Index Expanded (Clarivate Analytics), Scopus (Elsevier), and other databases.

Instructions to authors
English    日本語

Instructions for manuscript preparation
English    日本語

Template
English

Publisher
 MYU K.K.
 Sensors and Materials
 1-23-3-303 Sendagi,
 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0022, Japan
 Tel: 81-3-3827-8549
 Fax: 81-3-3827-8547

MYU Research, a scientific publisher, seeks a native English-speaking proofreader with a scientific background. B.Sc. or higher degree is desirable. In-office position; work hours negotiable. Call 03-3827-8549 for further information.


MYU Research

(proofreading and recording)


MYU K.K.
(translation service)


The Art of Writing Scientific Papers

(How to write scientific papers)
(Japanese Only)

Sensors and Materials, Volume 38, Number 6(4) (2026)
Copyright(C) MYU K.K.
pp. 3413-3420
S&M4510 Research paper
https://doi.org/10.18494/SAM6189
Published: June 26, 2026

Learning Marine Spatial Information Data Using a Korean Speech-based Large Language Model [PDF]

Je Hyung Tak, Yun Soo Choi, Min Sung Kim, and Chan Woo Lee

(Received November 24, 2025; Accepted June 4, 2026)

Keywords: marine spatial information, spatial information, LLM , RAG, fine tuning

In previous studies, large language models (LLMs) were fine-tuned using Korean utterance data to improve performance in small-scale computing environments by applying the low-rank adaptation (LoRA) method. In addition, Gradient Checkpointing and Gradient Accumulation techniques were employed to address computational resource limitations, enabling efficient fine-tuning under constrained computing conditions. The purpose of this study is to develop a marine geospatial information LLM. To achieve this, the LLM previously fine-tuned on Korean utterance data was enhanced by integrating a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) framework, a document-based inference approach, with marine geospatial information data. First, domain-specific terminology learning was conducted using the International Hydrographic Organization Dictionary (S-32), which provides standardized definitions. Additionally, data on current speed, current direction, wind speed, and wind direction were collected from the Badanuri marine information service provided by the Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency and incorporated into the RAG knowledge base. Subsequently, S-101 and S-102 datasets were preprocessed to extract bathymetric depth information and were also integrated into the RAG framework. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the feasibility of developing a marine geospatial information-specialized LLM in a resource-constrained environment and enhances the practical applicability of the proposed marine geospatial information LLM through RAG-based knowledge integration.

Corresponding author: Yun Soo Choi


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Cite this article
Je Hyung Tak, Yun Soo Choi, Min Sung Kim, and Chan Woo Lee, Learning Marine Spatial Information Data Using a Korean Speech-based Large Language Model, Sens. Mater., Vol. 38, No. 6, 2026, p. 3413-3420.



Forthcoming Regular Issues


Forthcoming Special Issues

Special Issue on Signal Collection, Processing, and System Integration in Automation Applications 2026
Guest editor, Hsiung-Cheng Lin (National Chin-Yi University of Technology), Ming-Te Chen (National Chin-Yi University of Technology), and Chin-Yi Cheng (National Yunlin University of Science and Technology)
Call for paper


Special Issue on Advanced GeoAI for Smart Cities: Novel Data Modeling with Multi-source Sensor Data
Guest editor, Prof. Changfeng Jing (China University of Geosciences Beijing)
Call for paper


Special Issue on Advanced Sensor Application Development
Guest editor, Shih-Chen Shi (National Cheng Kung University) and Tao-Hsing Chen (National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology)
Call for paper


Special Issue on Sensing Beyond Transduction: Materials, Devices, and Signal Processing for Intelligent Sensory Systems
Guest editor, Masayuki Sohgawa (Niigata University)
Call for paper


Special Issue on Advanced Materials and Technologies for Sensor and Artificial- Intelligence-of-Things Applications (Selected Papers from ICASI 2026)
Guest editor, Sheng-Joue Young (National Yunlin University of Science and Technology)
Conference website
Call for paper


Special Issue on Biosensing Devices
Guest editor, Kiyotaka Sasagawa (Nara Institute of Science and Technology)
Call for paper


Copyright(C) MYU K.K. All Rights Reserved.