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Sensors and Materials, Volume 38, Number 10(4) (2026)
Copyright(C) MYU K.K.
pp. 6195-6204
S&M4675 Research Paper
https://doi.org/10.18494/SAM6351
Published: October 30, 2026

Comparative Study of the Microstructure and Thermoelectric Properties of ZnSb Prepared via Different Synthesis Processes and Evaluated in Thermoelectric Modules [PDF]

Kun-Chi Hsiao, Guan-Yu Chen, and Shih-Chen Shi

(Received March 26, 2026; Accepted July 23, 2026)

Keywords: thermoelectric materials, thermoelectric modules, process optimization

In this study, we investigate the effects of fabrication processes on the microstructure and thermoelectric performance of ZnSb mid-temperature thermoelectric materials. Among the examined routes, mechanical alloying combined with spark plasma sintering produces ZnSb with an ultrafine average grain size of ~10.7 nm, a markedly high relative density of >99%, and lower thermal conductivity, achieving a maximum figure of merit of approximately 1.0 at 600 K. In contrast, melting-based processes suffer from Zn volatilization and grain coarsening. Module testing and energy analysis further demonstrate that the optimized process enables practical thermoelectric performance, achieving a power density of 19.0 mW/cm2, with reduced energy consumption and carbon emissions.

Corresponding author: Shih-Chen Shi


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Cite this article
Kun-Chi Hsiao, Guan-Yu Chen, and Shih-Chen Shi, Comparative Study of the Microstructure and Thermoelectric Properties of ZnSb Prepared via Different Synthesis Processes and Evaluated in Thermoelectric Modules, Sens. Mater., Vol. 38, No. 10, 2026, p. 6195-6204.



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