For carbon capture and utilization, real-time monitoring technologies are employed in syngas production through efficient CO2 capture and conversion, achieving a synergistic relationship between chemical process control and sensor performance. An alkaline absorption system was developed to capture CO2 (14500–14800 ppm), which was subsequently converted into syngas using waste platinum (Pt) catalysts via microwave induction. Integrated sensing systems, including nondispersive infrared sensors and electrochemical probes, were employed to quantify CO2 capture kinetics and evaluate process stability. Increasing the NaOH concentration from 1 to 7% extended the CO2 breakthrough time from 138 to 1782 s. High-resolution sensors enabled the identification of ionic conductivity signatures, where the 3.6-fold difference in equivalent conductivity between OH− and CO32− facilitated the predictive monitoring of solvent exhaustion. Microwave-assisted dry reforming (450 W) using 6 g of waste Pt catalyst and 0.8 g of micron-sized iron powder achieved average H2 and CO yields of 18.8 and 25.1%, respectively. The results demonstrate that integrated sensor networks are essential for managing the inherent variability of CO2 absorption, thereby enabling an automated, sensor-driven circular economy.