In this study, we present the design, dynamic modeling, sensing integration, and control performance evaluation of a high-precision positioning platform driven by a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor and supported by an air-bearing guideway. The platform is developed to fulfill the dual requirements of long travel range and nanometer-level positioning resolution, with broad applicability in precision manufacturing and metrology. An optical incremental linear encoder is integrated as the primary displacement sensing element, providing high-resolution position feedback essential for closed-loop control. The system dynamics are rigorously modeled and verified in MATLAB/Simulink, and a proportional–integral–derivative controller is designed and tuned to evaluate baseline control performance. Simulation results demonstrate a stable step response with satisfactory rise time, settling time, and steady-state positioning accuracy. The proposed sensing–actuation architecture is designed with structural expandability toward multi-axis motion control. These findings establish a systematic design and evaluation framework that serves as a foundation for the subsequent implementation of advanced control strategies, including active disturbance rejection control, to further enhance dynamic stiffness and robustness under high-speed, high-precision operating conditions.