This paper presents applications of high-voltage (HV) resistors based on saline solution for HV impulse generation and measurement. The electrical resistivity and relative permittivity of saline solution in the frequency range from 100 Hz to 100 MHz were investigated. The electrical resistivity and relative permittivity were calculated from experimental measurements of the resistance and capacitance of saline solution in a test cell. From the characteristics and the experimental results, the technical data of saline solution with various concentrations of substances were utilized in the design of HV resistors for HV impulse generation and measurement, as a current-limiting resistor and an HV resistor used in an HV part of a voltage divider. Moreover, the developed HV resistors were tested to confirm their effectiveness in HV generation and measurement. From the experimental results, it was found that the developed HV resistors have promising characteristics for practical HV impulse generation and measurement. According to the results of this study, an HV resistor based on saline solution has strong potential for application in HV impulse generation and measurement compared with a conventional voltage divider.