Ecological industrialization is a new path for ecological economic zones to obtain both ecological and economic results. Potentiality and strength respectively present the possibility and reality of ecological industrialization, and the unity of the two determines the effectiveness of ecological industrialization construction. Thus, the scientific monitoring and evaluation of the unity between ecological industrialization strength and potentiality are very important for the healthy construction of ecological industrialization in ecological economic zones. We used geographic information systems (GISs) to construct an architecture for monitoring the unity between ecological industrialization strength and potentiality. On the basis of this, the unity between ecological industrialization strength and potentiality in China’s Huai River Ecological Economic Belt (CHREEB) was evaluated, its spatiotemporal evolution process was analyzed, its influencing factors and roles were explored, and measures to promote the orderly and healthy development of ecological industrialization were proposed. The results have validated the effectiveness of the GIS-based monitoring system for ecological industrialization development: (1) there appeared phenomena such as insufficient potentiality and spatial differentiation in the unified development in CHREEB at present; (2) the reduced ecological resources, insufficient technology, and different regional factor combinations were the main reasons for the unfavorable results of the unified development; and (3) regular monitoring, differentiated strategies, and an integrated development system are effective in promoting the unified development. In this study, we provided information and decision-making assistance for the government to formulate countermeasures to promote the high-quality development of ecological industrialization.