The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which emerged in 2019, has resulted in the continuous emergence of various viral mutants, significantly impacting human life. Concurrently, the importance of preventive healthcare has been increasingly recognized. Existing research has demonstrated that polysaccharides derived from Ganoderma lucidum can effectively inhibit the novel coronavirus in animal studies. However, effective inhibition requires specific extraction methods and optimal dosages. To address this challenge, we developed a continuous supercritical extraction (CSE) system designed to purify high-content active ingredients at low temperatures, preserving their biological activity. This system has been successfully applied in trial mass production with low power consumption. Utilizing the Taguchi method for experimental design, we optimized the extraction parameters, thereby reducing the costs associated with verifying the active ingredients in G. lucidum. The results of our study identified optimal conditions for polysaccharide extraction, which were compared against various experimental parameter combinations. The findings confirm that the CSE system is not only efficient but also suitable for the successful extraction of polysaccharides, laying a solid foundation for future applications in the industrial processing of natural products.