A wireless sensor network design is tailored for the structural health monitoring of large-scale civil infrastructure in this study. To address the challenge of power management in remote deployments, we integrated advanced sensor technology with a hierarchical network architecture. In the experiment, we implemented an improved low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) protocol to enhance data fidelity and operational longevity. The protocol requires high-precision sensor integration, including ADXL202E accelerometers with a thermal sensitivity of 2 mg/°C for real-time drift compensation. The results demonstrate that the improved LEACH protocol extends the network lifetime to 394 rounds, a 23% improvement over traditional schemes. Furthermore, the design achieves a 42% reduction in energy imbalance among nodes, effectively preventing the premature failure of critical hotspot sensors. The results contribute a scalable, high-fidelity solution for long-term structural monitoring by harmonizing sensor-level calibration with network-level energy optimization.