Developing methods of reconstructing historical geographic scenarios is a significant research topic in the field of geographic information science. To reconstruct an archaeological geographic scenario, we adopted 3D laser scanning technology to acquire hierarchical excavation data in accordance with the field archaeology criterion. This technology originated from the laser sensor and it can perform accurate, fast, and noncontact data acquisition in the field of archaeology. The processing of the scanning data is closely related to the accuracy and efficiency of the reconstruction. Our research focused on the methods of multitemporal point cloud data registration, object-oriented target segmentation, and relic feature extraction based on the nearest neighbor search method. In this study, archaeological excavation data acquired in 2015 at the Lingjiatan site in Hanshan Country, Anhui Province, was taken as the research object. The experiment revealed that the proposed methods can realize the efficient and automatic data collection and geometric feature extraction of relics with high feasibility and reliability. The proposed methods are expected to increase the application of multitemporal point cloud data processing and provide basic modeling methods and data for reconstructing historical geographic scenarios.