Climate change and the inherent instability of cities create a significant threat to urban systems, and the impacts of climate change may worsen existing vulnerabilities in cities. In this study, we propose spatial solutions to enhance resilience in Korean cities facing climate change and minimize damages from natural disasters. To achieve this, we developed a vulnerability analysis model considering inadequate facilities and public-space utilization. We analyzed climate vulnerability under future scenarios, focusing on heat waves, urban flooding, and property damage in Korea, which are increasing in occurrence. By incorporating various climate-change-induced natural disaster factors into climate exposure variables, we identified current vulnerabilities within the context of future scenarios, allowing for the utilization of sensors and optimal monitoring locations for early preparedness. Future research could further establish criteria for designating natural disaster prevention districts and regulating development activities within such zones, as well as determining the best locations for heat wave and flood disaster prevention sensors.