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Sensors and Materials, Volume 37, Number 5(1) (2025)
Copyright(C) MYU K.K.
pp. 1891-1902
S&M4026 Research Paper of Special Issue
https://doi.org/10.18494/SAM5540
Published: May 16, 2025

Residual Stress Sensing in Press-fitting of Low-carbon Steel Components Using X-ray Diffraction Techniques [PDF]

Shih-Chuan Cheng and Rong-Shean Lee

(Received January 10, 2025; Accepted April 28, 2025)

Keywords: residual stress sensing, X-ray diffraction, press-fitting strain, stress relief, stress measurement

Residual stresses in metal components, particularly in deep-drawn sheet metal parts, can lead to dimensional instability, noise, and premature failure. In this study, we developed a cost-effective approach to residual stress relief by utilizing press-fitting strain—an inherent assembly process—to mitigate internal stresses without requiring additional processing. A nondestructive residual stress sensing method based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) with the sin²ψ technique was employed to monitor and evaluate stress variations at multiple locations on low-carbon steel components. The XRD system functions as a precision sensor for detecting internal stress distributions through changes in crystal lattice spacing, providing critical data on stress relief behavior. Experimental results revealed a location-dependent response: while stress increased at regions far from the press-fit zone, a significant reduction was observed directly beneath the press-fitted interface. This highlights the dual role of mechanical interference both as a joining method and an effective in-process stress relief strategy. The findings demonstrate a novel sensing-integrated framework for residual stress measurement in metal forming, supporting future developments in intelligent manufacturing and sensor-based process monitoring systems.

Corresponding author: Shih-Chuan Cheng


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Cite this article
Shih-Chuan Cheng and Rong-Shean Lee, Residual Stress Sensing in Press-fitting of Low-carbon Steel Components Using X-ray Diffraction Techniques, Sens. Mater., Vol. 37, No. 5, 2025, p. 1891-1902.



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