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Sensors and Materials, Volume 38, Number 3(4) (2026)
Copyright(C) MYU K.K.
pp. 1553-1568
S&M4393 Research paper
https://doi.org/10.18494/SAM5807
Published: March 30, 2026

Real-time Dynamic Data-driven Wearable Devices in Sports Training [PDF]

Zhouxiang Shan, Feng Liang, and Yuanfei Ju

(Received June 5, 2025; Accepted March 11, 2026)

Keywords: wearable technology, sports training, real-time data monitoring, athletic performance, biometric sensors

Wearable technology has become indispensable in modern sports training, enabling the real-time monitoring of biometric data and enhancing athlete performance through dynamic, data-driven feedback. In this study, 120 athletes from football, rugby, and swimming participated in a 12-week training program using advanced wearable devices, including Garmin Forerunner, Fitbit Charge 6, ActiGraph GTX3+, and Polar Team2 Pro. The survey results revealed high satisfaction with the devices: usability and comfort [mean score of 4.00, standard deviation (SD) of 0.46], data accuracy and reliability (mean score of 4.05, SD of 0.42), impact on training and performance (mean score of 4.03, SD of 0.52), and overall satisfaction (mean score of 4.01, SD of 0.46). Despite nonsignificant correlations among these variables, the participants reported substantial improvements in sprint time, endurance, and recovery rate. Case studies demonstrated performance gains of 8–12% in soccer, a 23% reduction in milestone achievement time in swimming, and a reduced injury downtime in rugby. The results showed the contribution of advanced sensor technology, such as photoplethysmography, electrocardiogram, accelerometers, and GPS modules, in enabling precise, adaptive training programs. The integration of machine learning and mobile applications enhances personalization, injury prevention, and tactical analysis. This research underscores the pivotal role of sensor development in shaping the future of sports training, where wearable devices provide reliable, actionable insights for athletes and coaches.

Corresponding author: Feng Liang and Yuanfei Ju


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Cite this article
Zhouxiang Shan, Feng Liang, and Yuanfei Ju, Real-time Dynamic Data-driven Wearable Devices in Sports Training, Sens. Mater., Vol. 38, No. 3, 2026, p. 1553-1568.



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