Traumatic impacts resulting from vehicular collisions, sports activities, occupational accidents, and falls frequently lead to severe injuries of the cranium, brain, and cervical spine, posing a significant global public health burden. Accurate injury prediction requires high-resolution anatomical modeling supported by advanced sensing technologies. In this paper, we presented a comprehensive biomechanical impact analysis using a high-fidelity integrated cranial–brain–cervical (CBC) finite element model, with particular emphasis on the application of optical sensor systems in model development. The CBC model was established through reverse engineering using the Breuckmann SmartSCAN 3D system, which integrates industrial-grade CMOS/CCD imaging sensors to capture high-precision surface geometry. A commercially available 3B Scientific C18 five-part brain anatomical model was digitized, and the reconstructed geometry was further refined on the basis of a prior validated modeling work. The sensor-acquired data ensured high spatial resolution and geometric fidelity, directly enhancing computational accuracy. Modal analysis was conducted to determine the fundamental natural frequencies and mode shapes, followed by impact simulations under both damped and undamped conditions. Injury severity was quantified using the head injury criterion (HIC), peak linear acceleration, and velocity in accordance with standards established by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Simulated HIC and peak acceleration results showed strong agreement with published validation data, confirming the predictive reliability of the sensor-informed CBC model. The proposed framework demonstrates how advanced 3D optical sensing can support biomechanical modeling, injury assessment, and the sensor-integrated design of next-generation protective equipment.