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Notice of retraction
Vol. 34, No. 8(3), S&M3042

Notice of retraction
Vol. 32, No. 8(2), S&M2292

Print: ISSN 0914-4935
Online: ISSN 2435-0869
Sensors and Materials
is an international peer-reviewed open access journal to provide a forum for researchers working in multidisciplinary fields of sensing technology.
Sensors and Materials
is covered by Science Citation Index Expanded (Clarivate Analytics), Scopus (Elsevier), and other databases.

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Sensors and Materials, Volume 34, Number 6(4) (2022)
Copyright(C) MYU K.K.
pp. 2391-2401
S&M2979 Research Paper of Special Issue
https://doi.org/10.18494/SAM3786
Published: June 30, 2022

Deep-learning-based Intrusion Detection with Enhanced Preprocesses [PDF]

Chia-Ju Lin, Yueh-Min Huang, and Ruey-Maw Chen

(Received December 27, 2021; Accepted June 6, 2022)

Keywords: intrusion detection, KDDCUP’99, data preprocessing, standard deviation standardization, deep learning, convolutional neural network

Intrusion detection has become a crucial issue due to an increase in cyberattacks. In most studies on this topic, intrusion detection performance has been found to be strongly related to the feature extraction and selection preprocess. However, there has been less research on problems or solutions related to the attributes of unequal metrics. Recently, deep-learning-based schemes have shown strong performance in image classification tasks without feature preprocessing. Therefore, in this study, we discuss the conversion of packet data into images for use in deep learning schemes with effective data preprocesses used to process the attributes of unequal metrics. A standard deviation standardization process is proposed to process the attributes of unequal metrics, which is followed by a data quantization process. Then, zigzag coding and the inverse discrete cosine transform are employed to convert the data into attribute images, which are used as the inputs for a convolutional neural network model. Intrusion detection is then achieved using the trained model. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme has reliable and efficient intrusion detection capability with a recall rate exceeding 94%. Meanwhile, packet attributes represented by 16 × 16 images provide about the same intrusion detection performance as that for 32 × 32 images. In summary, computational complexity can be reduced and performance can be maintained when using small images.

Corresponding author: Ruey-Maw Chen


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Cite this article
Chia-Ju Lin, Yueh-Min Huang, and Ruey-Maw Chen, Deep-learning-based Intrusion Detection with Enhanced Preprocesses, Sens. Mater., Vol. 34, No. 6, 2022, p. 2391-2401.



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