We applied artificial intelligence (AI) technology to improve the language learning, communication, and cognitive development of children with disabilities and hearing impairments, and assessed the impact of AI technology on their learning outcomes. Forty-four children were recruited in this study and were randomly assigned to the control and AI-applied groups. Learning progress, engagement level, and overall test score were measured and analyzed. The results showed that insufficient teacher training, a lack of infrastructure, and the absence of tailored educational tools were barriers to AI technology adoption. It is necessary to design customized AI-based educational tools to enhance teachers’ professional development and ensure consistent technical assistance. Despite AI technology’s advantages in enhancing the learning outcomes in special education, its effectiveness depends on the degree of customization and support to adopt the AI-based tools.