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Sensors and Materials, Volume 37, Number 11(3) (2025)
Copyright(C) MYU K.K.
pp. 5099-5122
S&M4235 Research Paper
https://doi.org/10.18494/SAM5915
Published: November 26, 2025

Remote Assessment of Size, Ripeness, and Count of Fruits in Orchard Greenhouse [PDF]

Min-Chie Chiu, Shih-Ming Cho, Long-Jyi Yeh, Ming-Guo Her, Yun-Cheng Lan, and Tian-Syung Lan

(Received August 31, 2025; Accepted November 5, 2025)

Keywords: LoRa, greenhouse system, image identification, OpenCV, Jetson Nano

We developed and validated a remote fruit recognition system designed for greenhouse orchards, integrating image processing with sensor-based monitoring and long-range (LoRa) wireless communication. Utilizing the open source computer vision library (OpenCV) and Jetson Nano, the system identifies fruit quantity, ripeness, and size from high-resolution images captured by the Pi Camera V2.1. The recognition algorithm incorporates hue-saturation-value color space conversion, morphological operations, and advanced parameters such as bounding box area, aspect ratio, and intersection over union to enhance accuracy. Validation was conducted using a scaled-down greenhouse simulation and kumquat tree images. The modified system achieved recognition accuracies of 90% for fruit count, 100% for unripe and half ripe fruits, 89% for fully ripe fruits, and 81 and 88% for large and small fruits, respectively. These results demonstrate significant improvements over the initial system and confirm the feasibility of integrating sensor technologies with image recognition for real-time agricultural monitoring. The system’s compatibility with LoRa communication enables deployment in network-deficient environments, offering a scalable solution for precision agriculture.

Corresponding author: Min-Chie Chiu


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Cite this article
Min-Chie Chiu, Shih-Ming Cho, Long-Jyi Yeh, Ming-Guo Her, Yun-Cheng Lan, and Tian-Syung Lan, Remote Assessment of Size, Ripeness, and Count of Fruits in Orchard Greenhouse, Sens. Mater., Vol. 37, No. 11, 2025, p. 5099-5122.



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