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S&M4571 Research paper https://doi.org/10.18494/SAM6387 Published in advance: July 7, 2026 Published: August 4, 2026 Temporal Deep Learning Framework for Hysteresis Compensation in Carbon Nanotube–polydimethylsiloxane Soft Tactile Sensors [PDF] Nguyen Van Nghiem (Received April 30, 2026; Accepted June 16, 2026) Keywords: soft robotic sensors, hysteresis compensation, long short-term memory, deep learning, CNT–PDMS nanocomposite, tactile sensing
Piezoresistive soft tactile sensors based on carbon nanotube–polydimethylsiloxane (CNT–PDMS) nanocomposites have emerged as a pivotal technology for flexible electronics and soft robotics owing to their mechanical compliance and high sensitivity. However, their practical deployment remains significantly hindered by nonlinear and rate-dependent hysteresis, which arises from the viscoelastic nature of the elastomeric matrix and the dynamic reconfiguration of internal conductive networks. This path-dependent behavior introduces mapping ambiguity that degrades the reliability of real-time force estimation. Conventional compensation strategies, including phenomenological models such as the Prandtl–Ishlinskii approach, often require complex parameter identification and exhibit limited adaptability to varying dynamic conditions. In this study, a temporal deep learning framework utilizing a stacked long short-term memory network integrated with a sliding-window strategy is presented. Experimental validation on a 0.5 wt% CNT–PDMS sensor under cyclic loading (0.1–2.0 Hz) reveals a substantial reduction in maximum hysteresis error from 12.4 to 1.8% of the full-scale output. The proposed model, optimized via the Adam algorithm, achieves a coefficient of determination of 0.988, ensuring stable performance across diverse dynamic regimes. These findings demonstrate that temporal inference provides a robust and scalable solution for high-precision tactile perception in next-generation soft robotic platforms.
Corresponding author: Nguyen Van Nghiem![]() ![]() This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Cite this article Nguyen Van Nghiem, Temporal Deep Learning Framework for Hysteresis Compensation in Carbon Nanotube–polydimethylsiloxane Soft Tactile Sensors, Sens. Mater., Vol. 38, No. 8, 2026, p. 4367-4382. |